What is a security audit?

A security audit is defined as a systematic evaluation of security policies, procedures, and controls. This process typically involves examining the effectiveness of an organization's security measures and determining whether they align with established standards or compliance requirements. By assessing these elements, a security audit helps to identify vulnerabilities, potential threats, and areas where improvements are needed.

Understanding the components of a security audit is critical for organizations aiming to protect their information and assets. It encompasses a thorough review of both technical and administrative safeguards to ensure that security practices are robust and effective.

The other options do not capture the essence of a security audit. For instance, reviewing employee performance metrics is focused on individual or team outcomes rather than security governance. A checklist of security tools lacks the in-depth analysis of procedures and policies that characterize a true audit. An informal survey of employee opinions may provide insights into the workplace culture or employees' perceptions of security but does not assess the actual security framework or controls in place.