How can multi-factor authentication (MFA) enhance security?

Multi-factor authentication (MFA) significantly enhances security by requiring two or more verification factors to access accounts, which adds an extra layer of protection beyond just a password. This approach mitigates the risks associated with single-factor authentication, where knowledge of the password alone could enable unauthorized access.

By implementing MFA, even if an attacker gains access to a user's password, they would still need the additional factors—such as a temporary code sent via SMS, a biometric scan, or an authentication app—to successfully access the account. This makes it much more difficult for unauthorized individuals to compromise accounts and significantly reduces the risk of credential theft.

While simplifying the login process and eliminating passwords are attractive features, they do not accurately describe the primary function of MFA in enhancing security. Unlimited access to all users directly contradicts the principle of restricted access, which is essential for maintaining security. Therefore, the requirement for multiple verification factors is what truly strengthens the overall security framework of user authentication.